Sheet piles are sections of sheet materials with interlocking edges that are driven into the ground to provide earth retention and excavation support. Sheet piles are most commonly made of steel, but can also be formed of timber or reinforced concrete. They are installed in sequence to design depth along the planned excavation perimeter or seawall alignment. The interlocked sheet piles form a wall for permanent or temporary lateral earth support with reduced groundwater inflow. Anchors can be included to provide additional lateral support if required.
Sheet piles are commonly used for retaining walls, land reclamation, underground structures such as car parks and basements, in marine locations for riverbank protection, seawalls, cofferdams, and so on. Permanent steel sheet piles are designed to provide a long service life. Vibratory hammers are typically used to install sheet piles. If soils are too hard or dense, an impact hammer can be used to complete the installation. For the development of sheet piles, there are two main techniques: hot-rolled and cold-formed. At high temperatures, hot rolled piles are produced and the interlocks appear to be stronger and more resilient.
Advantages of sheet pile;
Recyclable and reusable.
Available a wide range of lengths, size and steel options.
Can be used for temporary and permanent structures.
Can be installed using silent and vibration-free methods.
Quicker installation than contiguous or secant walls.
Cofferdams can be constructed in almost any desired shape,
Provide a close-fitting joint to form an effective water seal.
Light in weight, making lifting and handling easy
Length and design of the pile are easily adjustable
Joints are designed to withstand the high pressure necessary for them to be placed in place
A little maintenance is needed above and underwater
Different types of sheet piles
Steel sheet pile
It is available in various cross-sections and shapes. They can be hot-rolled sheet piles, cold-rolled, or cold-formed sheet piles. Steel sheet piles durability is enhanced with the aid of corrosion protection measures such as coating and cathodic protection. Steel is the most common form of sheet piles as it has good resistance to high driving stresses, excellent water-tightness, and can be increased in length either by welding or bolting. They are connected by interlocking. There are four basic forms of steel sheet piles, Normal sections, Straight web sections, Box sections and Composite sections.
Steel sheet pile
Vinyl sheet pile
An effective alternative to steel sheet piling for bulkheads, seawalls and cutoff walls. They are also superior to alternative materials like concrete and wood. The main advantage of vinyl sheet piles is the superior corrosion resistance when exposed to seawater, where no oxidation occurs.
Vinyl sheet pile
Wooden sheet pile
These are used for temporary structures and braced sheeting in excavation works. If it is to be used in permanent structures above the water table, some form of preservative treatment shall be given. Even given the preservative treatment the life of timber sheet pile is short, Timber sheet piles are joined utilizing tongue and groove joints. Timber piles are not suitable in the strata consisting of gravel and boulders.
Wooden sheet pile
Concrete sheet pile
These are usually connected by tongue and groove joints. They are commonly used in permanent river embankments, canals and other marine structures. The toes of the piles are usually cut with an oblique face to facilitate easy driving and interlocking, while the heads are finished off by casting a capping beam. These pre-cast concrete members are usually joined by tongue and groove joints. They are relatively heavy and bulky and displace large volumes of soil during driving. This large volume displacement increases the driving resistance. Handling and driving should not damage the piles and suitable reinforcement shall have to be provided.
Concrete sheet pile
Method of sheet piling
Driving must be carefully monitored and should stop immediately if the pile ceases to penetrate the soil, before moving on to the next pile along. In some cases, several adjacent piles will be unable to penetrate to the design depth. At this point, effort should be made to remove the obstacle, either by partial excavation or using a water jet. There is an acceptable number of ‘under-driven’ sheet piles, but this will vary according to the specific design requirements.
Guide controls should be used to counter this. One technique is to drive piles in panels. This involves pitching and driving two piles to part or full penetration at either end of a panel of piles. The panel is therefore supported by the ‘bookended’ piles during driving to their final position. The pair left on the end then forms the support of the next panel along. Another technique is to use trestles and walings to support and position sheet piles during driving. Vibratory hammers are often used to install sheet piles, although if soils are too hard or dense, an impact hammer can be used. At certain sites where vibrations are a concern, the sheets can be hydraulically pushed into the ground. The sequence is as followed;
Situ soil to placed behind of the proposed structure
Drive the sheet piles
The level of the anchor backfilled up and placed the system of the anchor. and backfill up to the height of the wall
Dredge the front side of the wall
Conclusion
Sheet piles are designed to interlock with each other. They are installed in sequence along the planned excavation perimeter. When arranged together, they form a wall for permanent or temporary earth support, along with anchors to provide extra lateral support.
Sheet piles are sections of sheet materials with interlocking edges that are driven in the ground to maintain the earth retention and provide excavation support. Sheet piles are usually made of steel, but can also be made of wood or reinforced concrete.
A vertical set of continuously interlocked pile forms a flexible vertical wall called a sheet pile wall.
Here we will learn about sheet pile, types of sheet piles & much more.
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Sheet pileis a light in weight and do not require dewatering, they can resist horizontal pressures and tolerate large deformations.
Sheet pile is made of various materials such as wood, precast concrete, steel, or aluminum, they are installed at a suitable depth along the excavation perimeter or seawall alignment.
The sheet pile serves as a temporary supporting wall that has been driven in a slope or ditch to support soft soil slides from high ground to low ground.
This pile is constructed by casting reinforced concrete panel sheets with tongue and groove, a filler joint on the sheet pile ends.
They are relatively exceptional can be used when steel sheet pile are not available or in very special circumstances.
They can offer sufficient rigidity and strength capability but require extensive labor for transportation, care and construction.
Aluminum sheet pile work similar to steel sheet pile in providing resistance, they are lighter than steel provides better corrosion resistance in marine environments.
For this reason, aluminum sheet stacks may be ideal in some marine applications.
Vinyl sheet pile are similar to metal sheet pile however are manufactured from artificial materials.
They are ideal for small environmental barriers or sea-facing initiatives with a location that has a small exposed height commonly used as erosion protection barriers.
Timber sheet pile usually have wooden planks attached together with a tongue and groove joint.
The wood sheet pile includes simple planks, wakefield timber sheet pile, tongue and groove wood sheet pile of shattered wood sheets.
This pile are used in modern heavy civil construction.
Steel sheet pile is the most common type of sheet pile, modern steel sheet pile comes in many shapes such as Z sheet pile, U sheet pile, or straight pile.
Sheet pile are associated with a male to female joint.
It provides extreme resistance to driving stresses.
Also, it is lightweight.
It can be reused for many functions.
It has long-life above or below water with minor protection.
They are easy to customize pile length by welding or bolting
Very few are not suitable for the joints to deteriorate during driving.
Thier units often cannot be used as part of a permanent structure.
It provides extreme resistance to driving stresses.
It may be reused on a number of tasks.
Long service life above or under the water with modest protection.
Joints are much less part to deform during driving.
Sheet pile walls are used to help the excavations for below-grade parking structures, basements, pump houses, and foundations.
A permanent metal sheet pile is designed to supply a long service life.
These walls can primarily be used as both temporary constructions like cofferdam or waterfront structures.
Sheet piles are usually made of steel, but also can be made of wood or reinforced concrete.
Section Under Structure
What are the differences between Z, U, O, and H Types of Sheet Piles?
Z and U Type Sheet Piles
O Type Sheet Piles
H Type Sheet Piles
Sheet piles are steel sections that have interlocking edges. They are driven into the ground to provide excavation support. These sheet piles are used to support walls, enable land reclamation, create underground structures, and riverbank or coast protection. There are many different types of sheet piles to choose from. All of which have their own uses and depth of purpose. Take a look at the difference between four common types of sheet piles below:
These two are arguably the most similar among all sheet piles. Z types are used for deep wall constructions for more durable building support and stronger foundations. Z type sheet piles are the most efficient sheet piles available. Because of this, they are most used for cantilevered and tied-back systems.
U-type sheet piles, on the other hand, have a very similar application to Z-type sheet piles. The only difference is their interlocking mechanism.
U-type sheet piles interlock between adjacent sheet piles. It is found at the edge of each unit. Z-type sheet piles have an extra piece of steel protruding which helps increase its bending resistance. Z-type sheet piles have a better bending resistance when compared to U type sheet piles.
Both the Z-type and U-type sheet piles are primarily used for reinforcing dams and riverbanks. Their strength is enough to help fortify structures that have to face consistent pressure from one or both sides.
They can also be used to create containment barriers for stricter and more concrete protective measure. Another application for these sheet piles is as noise barriers. This can be achieved when you attach a sound absorbent material to the front of the pile.
Z-type sheet piles are used more than U-type sheet piles. Z-type sheet piles have bigger modulus which makes it the better choice for intermediary piles for tubular and HZ combined walls. Z-type sheet pile can also be used to form a web thanks to the specific location of the interlock being symmetrical on both sides of its neutral axis.
U type sheet piles are generally considered to Z-type sheet piles because of their similarity. However, U type sheet piles steel find usage in temporary retaining walls, cutoff walls, embankments, and revetment works!
The OZ-type sheet pile is a combination of a steel tube and a Z-type sheet pile. This unique sheet pile is mostly used for soil retainment and load transfer. Its interlocks are found on the neutral axis making it as strong as Z-type sheets piles when it comes to bending resistance.
The diverse range of applications for OZ-type sheet piles includes narrow sections that are meant to be suitable for driving conditions and wider constructions and sections than most.
OZ-type Sheet piles are mostly used because of how they enable extremely long and strong foundations, barriers, and walls. Aside from that, OZ-type sheet piles are also known for their cost-effectiveness.
Also known as Hat type sheet piles, H Type sheet piles are more rigid than conventional wide sheet piles. It has improved drivability, higher structural reliability, and are more cost-efficient than U-type sheet piles. The joints in H-type sheet piles are found at the utmost part of the wall structure. Because of this, it goes hand-in-hand with the wall that is being framed. This is a small reduction in the number of sheet piles used and it makes it possible to shorten construction time and cut a small portion of the construction cost out.
H type sheet piles are the widest U-type sheet piles. They allow for rapid and stable installation. Because of this, it allows less deformation of the cross-sectional area when a pile is placed. It also helps with higher precision installation where the room for error becomes smaller than usual.
As with the other sheet piles, H-type sheet piles are also used for barriers, walls, and reservoir walls! More notable applications of H-type sheet piles include retaining walls for roads, settlement prevention, and concrete waterways!
There are many different types of sheet piles. The four mentioned above are the most commonly used because of supply, efficiency, or reliability. That being said, you can’t just choose any one of them for your project. Bear in mind that a more in-depth look into the applications of these sheet piles will show where they are best used and why that is the case.
Even though many similarities can be found among the sheet piles, their make, size, patterns, and interlock will still differentiate them from the rest. Remember to always consider the small details and precise measurements when choosing the right sheet pile for your job!
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