The difference between biodegradable and compostable packaging materials

Many packaging products offer environmental benefits, such as "biodegradable" and "compostable" materials. But what do these terms really mean, and what is the difference between them? In order to fully understand the environmental impact of packaging materials, it is critical to examine and understand the terminology used to define and market these materials.

What does biodegradable mean?

Biodegradable refers to the ability of a material to break down and be returned to nature. In order for packaging products or materials to qualify as biodegradable, they must completely break down and decompose into natural elements within a short period of time after disposal, usually one year or less. The ability to biodegrade in landfills helps reduce the accumulation of waste and contributes to a safer, cleaner and healthier environment. Biodegradable materials include corrugated cardboard and even some plastics. However, most plastics are not biodegradable - meaning they do not break down easily after disposal and can remain on the earth as waste for decades.

What does compostable mean?

Compostable materials are similar to biodegradable materials in that they are both intended to be safely returned to the earth. However, compostable materials go a step further and provide nutrients to the earth once the material has completely decomposed. These materials are added to compost piles, which are designated sites with specific conditions depending on wind, sunlight, drainage and other factors. While biodegradable materials are intended to decompose in landfills, compostable materials require special composting conditions. Compostable packaging materials include starch-based packing peanuts - an alternative to polystyrene foam loose-fill packaging that can be dissolved in water and added to compost for safe disposal.