The Origin Of The Tram Fastening System

Tram system is a backbone of public Transport in the Town of Zagreb.It is made of over 116 kilometers of tram tracks, used every day by 180 tram vehicles. In the previous ten years, systems supervisor Zagreb Electric Tram (ZET) Ltd. has revived its fleet by buying 142 brand new low-floor trams TMK 2200, made by CROTRAM consortium. 

Concerning the consequences on the track superstructure, the key results of the new vehicles debut happen to be growth in loading forces, modified loading supply, and modified geometry of wheel and railroad surface. This is because fresh low-floor trams are thicker (on averageup to 60 percent ), with otherwise situated center of gravity and also different wheel profiles in contrast to the previous ones. These modifications in tram track manipulation parameters have generated more regular rail fastening system failures, which represented at the greater rail wear and also rapid track geometry degradation. Owing to that, ZET Ltd. has made a decision to adapt present rail fastening systems into the brand new track manipulation requirements. This was performed through specialized cooperation with the University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, thinking about the huge expertise and experience in design and oversight of railway and tram track constructions. Aside from acoustic attributes, important issues in designing a suitable fastening system are vibrations and impact loads because of conducting surface discontinuities, which happen at switches and crossings. It was therefore determined to run observation of fresh fastening systems manipulation behaviour. This was completed by building of the test monitor segment with built-in fastening systems.

(I)Visual inspections of course superstructure.

(ii) Dimensions of weld and track geometry.

(iii) Dimensions of strains and pressures of paths reinforced concrete base slab.

(iv) Dimensions of those paths lively properties (i.e., vibration damping).

In metropolitan areas, because of the closeness between the tram tracks along with the residential buildings, in the point of view of the surrounding inhabitants but also the tram consumers, the issue of rail traffic vibrations and noise is especially conspicuous. Consequently, if the (re)construction of tram infrastructure is performed by applying new technologies and systems, it's crucial to take into consideration their influence on the future propagation of sound and vibration from the environment. This paper provides a brief summary of the qualities of both recently developed rail fastening systems for Zagreb tram tracks, their program in construction of the test monitor segment, and functionality and contrast of sound and vibration measurements outcomes. Information on railroad vibrations occurring during passing of the tram vehicles will reveal the capacity of the monitor experimental structures to absorb vibrations and so prevent their propagation from the surroundings. The higher is the capability of the rail fastening systems to efficiently attenuate rail vibrations resulting from passing tram automobile, the lower are the propagation of vibration and noise from the environment.

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