Raspberry Extract Inhibits Liver Cancer Cell Growth

Liver cancer is a major public health problem worldwide. It is estimated that in the United States alone, about 24,120 new cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were diagnosed in 2010, and more than 18,910 people died from the disease. Although the incidence of liver cancer is declining in most countries of the world, the rate of decline is slower in developing countries than in developed countries. In contrast, the incidence of primary liver cancer is increasing in some developed countries, including the United States. Although diagnosis and treatment are the main strategies for cancer control, chemoprevention is one of the best prevention strategies.

The study proved that fruit raspberries can significantly inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, attenuate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and enhance the expression of oncogene wild p53. Researchers in the study for the first time successfully locked raspberries to prevent liver cancer cell growth of two specific protein action targets, for fruits and vegetables to prevent primary liver cancer provides an important theoretical basis.

Raspberry, also known as raspberry, tray, raspberry, for the Rosaceae genus of perennial deciduous shrubs, there are more than 750 species, because of its fruit shape, colour, taste and strawberry similar to the tree, but long in the tree, so the name raspberry. This fruit contains a large amount of vitamin C, E, superoxide dismutase, Y-aminobutyric acid and other anti-aging substances, as well as ellagic acid and other anticancer substances, including vitamin E and ellagic acid content of all fruits. In the United States, red raspberries are regarded as cancer killers, people praise it as ‘ruby’.

Research results show that as the concentration of phytochemicals in raspberries increases, the total antioxidant free radical scavenging capacity is also enhanced. 0.25 mg/ml to 10 mg/ml of raspberry extract showed a gradual increase in the inhibition rate of the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG-2, and the highest inhibition rate of up to about 90%. Application of polymerase chain reaction assay showed that the raspberry extract had a strong ability to inhibit VEGF expression and affect wild p53 expression in vitro, and with the increase of raspberry extract concentration, VEGF expression was weakened and wild p53 expression was enhanced.

In the stable rat primary hepatocellular carcinoma model established by using the chemical toxins aflatoxin and diethylnitrosamine, as the concentration of raspberry extract increased, the tumour diameters on the livers of the experimental group of rats became smaller, the number of tumours decreased, the rate of tumour formation was reduced, and the degree of nodularity was alleviated; the degree of expression of VEGF and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in hepatocellular carcinoma cells was also significantly reduced. At the same time, the experimental group of rats serum in two specific protein (M2597, M4513) quality peaks and raspberry intervention group and normal rat serum difference is obvious, indicating that the protein peaks M2597, M4513 is very likely for raspberry prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma protein action target.

Expert evaluation indicates that there are two synergistic risk factors that greatly increase the chances of developing liver cancer: chronic infection with hepatitis B virus and chronic exposure to aflatoxin, a highly toxic liver toxin produced by moulds that contaminate staple foods. One of the important ways to reduce the impact of these two cancer-causing factors is chemoprevention, i.e., counteracting the harmful effects of aflatoxins by taking medications or food supplements. In the future, the use of phytochemicals extracted from raspberries in a rational combination and composition of prophylactic agents will help to protect against liver cancer and inhibit its progression, improving the survival rate of patients with this disease.

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