What Are Synthetic Resins Applications and Uses

What Are Synthetic Resins Applications and Uses

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What Are Synthetic Resins Applications and Uses

Synthetic resins are noncrystalline or viscous liquids which might be secreted from paints. Synthetic resins are industrially manufactured via the manner of polymerization.

Methods of Preparation and Applications

Resins are chemical compounds having molecular weight more than 300. It is possible to classify natural resins as spirit-soluble and oil-soluble. Oil-soluble resins include rosin, extracted from long-leaf pine turpentine and used in a wide range of applications, including soap making; the toughest natural resin produced in jewellery; Copals used in varnishes; amber; oriental lacquer, derived from a tree native to China; and cashew-nutshell oil, derived from cashew nuts.

Resins have many sources and end uses. Sources can range from natural and synthetic. Resins can derived from polymers, monomers, oils, fatty acids and natural sources.

Perhaps, resins have the widest application areas. From paints and coatings, Personal Care & Home Care, pharma, rubber, plastics and it’s coatings, making electrical and jewelry articles, decorative items, wood coatings etc.

Natural resins have been replaced almost entirely in modern industry by synthetic resins that are divided into two classes, thermoplastic resins that remain plastic after heat treatment, and heat-setting resins that become insoluble and heat-infusible.

Types of Resins

1. Thermoplastic Resins

A substance that softens when heated and when cooled, it hardens again. Thermoplastic product. Product-generic term for certain synthetic or semi-synthetic materials which can be formed or extruded into objects or films or filaments or used for the manufacture of coatings and adhesives. TPA resin, as it is commonly called, comes in liquid form as well as in the form of requires. These are used in plastic coatings as well as in aerosols.
Eg:

Polyethylene

Polypropylene

Polyvinyl chloride

Chlorinated rubber

So, let us get into the details of some of the Thermoplastic resins

Alkyd Resins – These are made by heating polyhydric alcohol with polybasic acids. They possess great electrical and thermal properties along with it a good chemical resistance. Quite cost effective and used for electric components, paints and putty filers.

Polycarbonate Resins – These are generally made from bisphenol A and phosgene. With a high refractive index, resistance to staining and filtration and electrical and thermal dimensional stability. Due to their inherent advantages, they are used for metal replacements, lenses, safety helmets, insulators and photography film.

Polypropylene Resins – These are a type of thermoplastic polymer resin that doesn’t contain BPA. They are colorless, tasteless with a great heat resistance and low density. They also possess a great chemical resistance and are used for toys, pipe and production and coatings.

2. Thermosetting Resins

Thermoplastics and thermoplastic resins are raw, unformed polymers that, when heated, transform into liquid and when chilled, become solid. These can be re-molded and remolded twice, allowing reprocessing of pieces and scraps. TSA, as generally acknowledged as, is used in combination with a melamine resin as baking enamels. In industrial coatings, automotive and two-wheelers, e-rickshaw coatings, brass coatings, etc. are common applications.
Eg:

Urea

Formaldehyde resins

Melamine

Formaldehyde

Resins, Phenolic

Resins (Resol Type)

Let’s explore some of the Thermosetting Resins in details.

Phenolic Resins –  They are one of the types of thermosetting resins and possess a strong heat and impact resistance to chemical corrosion and moisture penetration. They are used for a variety of products like brake linings, electrical components, molds, adhesive for cements etc.

Polyester Resins – They are formed by the reaction of polyhydric alcohols and dibasic organic acids. The best thing about it is they have quite an excellent resistance to heat and chemicals. They are quite cost effective and are extensively used for construction, fishing rods, decorative accessories, coatings and in plane and ship components.

Epoxy Resins – They are a type of reactive prepolymers and polymers belonging to the epoxide group. They have an excellent chemical and heat resistance and great adhesive properties. Used extensively in laminates, linings, propellers and surface coatings.

Methods of Preparation/Polymerization

1. Condensation Polymerisation

(Polyesters, Polyamides, Polyurethanes, Epoxies, Silicons)

A polymerization of condensation is a form of polymerization of step-growth. Small molecules, while releasing smaller molecules as a-product such as water or methanol, react with one another to form larger structural units. Get some details on the uses of stearic acid.

2. Addition Polymerisation

(Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polyvinyl chloride, Acrylics)

The additional polymer is a polymer that forms without the co-generation of other materials by simply linking monomers. Additional polymerization varies from condensation polymerization, which usually causes water to co-generate a substance.

Advantages of Resins

They can be easily dyed, colored and mixed with metal powders or fluorescent pigments

They have great precision

There is a large variety of resin available with different properties.

They have a great variety of applications

They possess a great water resistance

They have high thermal and mechanical properties

They have a very high environmental and chemical resistance.

Application Segments of Resins

1. Surface Coatings – Paints & Printing Inks

Surface coating, any combination of film-forming materials with different types of pigments, solvents, and other additives, resulting in a thin film that is usable and often artistic when added to a surface and cured /dried.

2. Electrical Insulation – Wire Enamels

The electrical insulator is a material whose inner electrical charges do not continue to flow; under the influence of an electrical field, very little electrical current can pass through it. It compares with other products, semiconductors, and conductors that are harder to conduct electrical current.

Insulating Impregnating and Finishing Varnishes: Finishing Varnishes are one/two-element products that are designed specifically to protect wire wind components. Their outstanding resistance to moisture and chemicals ensures the best properties and maximum longevity across the entire time of operation.

Potting Compounds: Potting is a method whereby a complete electronic assembly is filled with a solid or gel material for shock and vibration resistance and for the absence of moisture and corrosive agents. The array of potting substances and encapsulants for each and every application involves epoxy, polyurethane and silicone chemistry. Also read some of the polyurethane resin uses

Printed Circuit Boards: A printed circuit motherboard chipset and binds electronic parts or electrical components by means of conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from one or more layers of copper laminated on and/or between the layer of sheets with a non-conductive substrate.

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